Introduction
Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C) is a globally diversified banking giant with around $2.4 trillion in assets and $1.3 trillion in deposits ([1]). Despite past troubles, Citi is undergoing a turnaround under CEO Jane Fraser, aiming to improve profitability and shed legacy issues. The stock has historically traded at a discount to peers, suggesting potential value for investors ([2]). Recent developments – including large capital returns to shareholders and organizational simplification – have driven a substantial rally in Citi’s share price, pushing it above tangible book value (TBV) for the first time in years ([2]). The question is whether Citi can sustain this momentum and fully capitalize on its strengths. Below, we dive into Citi’s dividend policy, leverage, coverage ratios, valuation, and key risks, using authoritative sources to assess its investment profile.
Dividend Policy & History
Dividend Resumption and Growth: Citi infamously slashed its common dividend to nearly zero during the 2008–2009 financial crisis (paying just $0.01 per share for many quarters). Meaningful payouts resumed in the mid-2010s as Citi rebuilt capital, and the bank has gradually increased its dividend since. For example, dividends declared per common share grew from $1.92 in 2019 to $2.08 in 2023 ([2]). The quarterly dividend held at $0.51 per share from 2020 through 2022, then was raised to $0.53 in the second half of 2023 ([2]). Citi’s Board has continued this trend: in mid-2024, it bumped the quarterly dividend to $0.56 per share ([3]). Management has indicated an intention to maintain at least that level (≈$2.24 annualized), subject to economic conditions ([3]). These cautious raises under regulatory oversight underscore confidence in Citi’s capital position and earnings stability.
Dividend Yield: Citi’s dividend yield fluctuates with its stock price. When Citi’s shares were depressed amid uncertainty – for instance, in fall 2023 – the yield spiked to around 5% (e.g. ~5.1% on September 7, 2023) as the stock traded in the mid-$40s against a $2.04 annual payout ([2]). As investor confidence returned and Citi’s stock rebounded into 2024–2025, the yield normalized. By May 2025, the annualized dividend was $2.24, equating to a ~2.9% yield at the time ([2]). After further share price gains, Citi’s current yield is about 2.1–2.4% on a $2.40 TTM dividend ([4]). This yield is moderate for a large bank – higher than JPMorgan’s (~2.0%) but lower than some regional banks – reflecting Citi’s improved valuation along with a steady payout. Notably, during the 2020 COVID crisis, U.S. banks (under Fed guidance) froze but did not cut dividends, and Citi maintained its payout through the pandemic. Future dividend growth will depend on Citi’s earnings trajectory and regulatory capital tests each year.
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Payout Ratio and Shareholder Returns: Citi’s dividend payout ratio (dividends as a % of earnings) remains conservative. In 2023, Citi paid ~$4.1 billion in common stock dividends – roughly 45% of its $9.2 billion net income ([5]) ([5]). Including share repurchases, total capital returned to common shareholders was about $6.0 billion (~65% of earnings) in 2023 ([5]). Citi’s official total payout ratio for 2023 was reported as 76% (including buybacks) ([5]). This elevated payout was facilitated by a strong capital position, and management has been prudent with buybacks, resuming them only as allowed by regulators. Importantly, Citi’s earnings more than cover the dividend – in 2023, net income was about 2.2× the common dividend outlay, indicating ample coverage. Such coverage suggests the dividend is sustainable even as Citi invests in its multi-year transformation. In fact, Citi’s board authorized a new $20 billion share repurchase program in early 2025, signaling confidence in excess capital ([6]). Share buybacks are particularly accretive for Citi when the stock trades below book value – repurchases at a discount boost TBV per share, benefiting remaining shareholders. Overall, Citi’s dividend policy appears shareholder-friendly yet mindful of regulatory limits: the current yield around 2–3% is solid, and modest growth in the payout is likely as earnings improve.
Leverage and Debt Maturities
Capital Structure: As a bank, Citigroup’s leverage is best understood via its regulatory capital ratios and funding mix. Citi is well-capitalized under Basel III rules – its Common Equity Tier-1 (CET1) capital ratio stood at 13.3% as of year-end 2023 ([5]), comfortably above its regulatory minimum (~12% including buffers) ([3]). This provides a healthy cushion of excess capital. Citi’s Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) – Tier-1 capital relative to total exposures – was 5.8% at 2023’s end ([5]), above the 5% requirement for the largest banks. In dollar terms, Citigroup had $205.5 billion of stockholders’ equity (common + preferred) supporting $2.412 trillion of assets at December 31, 2023 ([1]). That equates to an assets-to-equity leverage of roughly 10:1, which is typical for a global bank of Citi’s size. Crucially, over half of Citi’s funding comes from customer deposits (~$1.31 trillion) ([1]), a generally stable and low-cost source. The remainder of the balance sheet is funded by wholesale debt and other liabilities. Citi’s credit ratings are solidly investment-grade (for example, Moody’s senior debt rating A3/stable), enabling relatively low funding costs on its bonds ([2]).
Long-Term Debt Profile: Citigroup does make significant use of long-term borrowings, chiefly to satisfy regulatory Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) requirements and to fund operations. As of year-end 2023, Citi’s total long-term debt outstanding was about $286 billion (spread across senior and subordinated instruments at the parent and key subsidiaries). This debt is well-diversified by type and investor. Citi’s strong credit ratings (Moody’s A3, S&P BBB+ or better) mean it can issue debt at reasonable interest rates. The debt-to-equity ratio is roughly 1.2x ( ~$286B / $238B equity), but for banks this is less meaningful given the large base of deposit funding. Citi actively manages its liabilities: for example, it will sometimes redeem or repurchase outstanding debt opportunistically. In the second quarter of 2024 alone, Citi retired about $16.3 billion of its long-term debt early (through open-market purchases and redemptions) to reduce overall funding costs ([3]). Such liability management helps optimize interest expense and adhere to TLAC rules.
Maturities: Citi’s long-term debt maturities are staggered over many years, which helps reduce refinancing risk. Based on recent filings, Citi faced roughly $46 billion of long-term debt coming due in 2024, and a similar ~$43–46 billion in 2025 (on the order of 15–16% of total debt each year) ([3]). Maturities taper off thereafter – about $40 billion in 2026, and $21 billion in 2027 ([3]). The largest portion of Citi’s debt (over $100 billion) matures in 2028 and beyond, reflecting a considerable long-term funding component ([3]). This laddered maturity profile appears quite manageable relative to Citi’s size and liquidity. The bank can refinance obligations in the normal course of business; indeed, in 2023 Citi’s long-term debt increased slightly year-on-year as new issuances outpaced maturities ([3]) (taking advantage of favorable market conditions). One consideration is interest rates: much of Citi’s older debt was issued when rates were lower, so refinancing in today’s higher-rate environment will raise interest costs at the margin. However, Citi’s net interest income overall has benefited from higher rates on its loans and securities, which offset the increase in debt costs. In the first quarter of 2024, for example, Citi’s net interest income was up about 1% year-on-year as rising funding costs caught up to asset yields ([2]). If interest rates decline in the future, Citi’s funding costs would eventually fall as debt is rolled over at lower yields – partially cushioning any decrease in asset yields. Given its investment-grade credit and ample liquidity (Citi holds substantial high-quality liquid assets), the refinancing risk is low. In summary, Citi’s leverage is supported by robust capital levels, and its debt maturities are well-distributed with no looming “cliff” that would threaten liquidity ([3]).
Coverage and Profitability Metrics
Dividend Coverage: Citi’s earnings comfortably cover its dividend payments. As noted earlier, the common dividend payout was ~45–50% of net income in 2023, leaving a substantial buffer. Even after a tough year of earnings (due in part to one-time charges), Citi earned $4.04 per share in 2023 ([5]) versus paying out $2.08 per share in dividends. That implies earnings coverage of roughly 1.9× the common dividend. In more normalized periods, Citi’s payout has been closer to 30–40% of earnings, allowing plenty of retained profit to build capital or reinvest in the business. By comparison, before 2020 Citi’s dividend was under 30% of earnings as it was still rebuilding capital post-crisis. Today’s ~50% payout is reasonable for a mature bank and aligns with management’s goal of returning excess capital while staying within regulatory limits ([5]). Going forward, if Citi’s earnings grow (analysts expect higher EPS in 2024–2025) and one-time charges abate, the dividend coverage ratio should improve further – potentially giving room for cautious dividend increases over time, assuming capital requirements are met.
Interest Coverage: Traditional interest coverage ratios (e.g. EBIT/Interest) are less applicable to banks, since interest expense is part of a bank’s core operations (the cost of funds). Instead, banks look at net interest margin and net interest income (NII) as indicators of the ability to cover interest costs. Citi’s net interest income surged in 2023 amid Federal Reserve rate hikes – NII was up about 13% for the year, reflecting higher yields on loans and securities ([2]). This increase far outpaced the growth in interest expense on deposits and debt. By early 2024, as mentioned, NII growth had leveled off to low single digits as Citi began paying higher rates to depositors and creditors ([2]). Even so, Citi’s interest costs remain well-covered by interest income. In 2023, Citi generated $45 billion of net interest revenue (interest income minus interest expense), which vastly exceeded the ~$21 billion of total interest expense implied by its financials. Another way to gauge this: Citi’s 2023 revenues were $78.5B against non-interest expenses of $56B, leaving $22.5B in pre-provision profit, easily enough to cover all interest costs and provisions ([2]). In short, there is no concern about Citi meeting its interest obligations – its interest coverage is very strong in a normalized environment. The more pertinent question for banks is whether net interest income will grow or shrink under future rate scenarios. Citi’s NII is currently stable; if rates remain high, competition for deposits might squeeze margin a bit, whereas if rates fall, asset yields would drop but funding costs would also decline. Overall, Citi has demonstrated it can generate robust net interest income to more than cover its funding costs.
Credit Loss Coverage: Another critical coverage metric for banks is loan loss reserve coverage – how well losses are provisioned on the balance sheet. Citi maintains substantial allowances for credit losses. At the end of 2023, Citigroup’s allowance for credit losses on loans was about $17.2 billion (excluding unfunded commitments), which equated to 568% of its non-accrual loans . In other words, Citi’s reserves were 5.7× the current volume of non-performing loans – a very robust coverage ratio (though down from ~696% a year earlier, as some pandemic-era reserves were released) . This indicates Citi has built a significant cushion against future loan losses. The conservative reserving partly reflects macro uncertainties and some weakening in consumer credit metrics from unusually strong levels in 2021–22. In fact, Citi took a $9.2 billion provision for credit losses in 2023 to bulk up reserves as economic risks grew (e.g. inflation, Russia exposure) ([7]). These reserves position Citi to absorb a moderate deterioration in credit quality without threatening capital. For context, Citi’s net charge-offs in 2023 were only ~$4.8B (mainly in credit cards), easily covered by income. Even in a scenario of rising defaults, Citi appears prepared: its reserve-to-loan ratio is ~2.6% overall, and much higher in consumer unsecured lending. The takeaway is that Citi has provisioned for potential credit losses aggressively, which should reassure investors that a normal recession or credit cycle downturn can be weathered. In the Federal Reserve’s 2023 stress test, Citi’s projected loan losses were high but its capital remained above requirements – reflecting that while Citi is more exposed to global credit risk than some peers, it also entered the scenario with strong buffers ([2]). Altogether, Citi’s interest coverage and loan loss coverage metrics underscore its financial resilience. The bigger challenge for Citi is not survival, but improving profitability – which we examine next.
Valuation and Peer Comparison
By the Numbers: Citigroup’s valuation remains appealing relative to peers, even after the stock’s recent rebound. The market continues to price Citi below the value of its net assets. As of early 2025, Citi’s tangible book value per share was about $86 ([5]), while the stock was trading in the $70s – a Price-to-Tangible Book (P/TBV) of roughly 0.8×. This means investors were paying only ~$0.80 for each $1 of Citi’s tangible net assets. Even including goodwill/intangibles, Citi’s Price-to-Book was under 0.9× (book value per share was ~$98.7 at end of 2023) ([5]). In contrast, most large U.S. banks trade at or above book value. For example, JPMorgan Chase (with industry-leading profitability) has commonly traded around 1.5–2× TBV, and the big-bank median is near 1.3–1.4×. Citi’s discounted valuation reflects persistent skepticism about its earnings power and past stumbles. However, it also presents upside if Citi can close the gap in performance. Notably, by mid-2025 Citi’s stock had rallied about 60% year-over-year and briefly traded above its tangible book value for the first time in many years ([2]). Yet even around ~$90 (just over TBV at that point), Citi still lagged far behind peer valuations. This suggests further rerating potential if Citi continues to execute its turnaround and improve returns.
Price/Earnings: Citi’s price-to-earnings multiple also signals value. Based on 2024 consensus earnings (approximately $6–7 per share forecasted), Citi’s forward P/E was on the order of 8–10× at stock prices in the $80s. That is well below the broader market (S&P 500’s forward P/E ~15–18×) and also a bit below peers like JPMorgan (~10–12× forward) or Bank of America (~9–11×). The trailing P/E using 2023 actual EPS ($4.04) is higher (~20×) due to Citi’s one-off charges that year ([5]). Adjusting for those charges (such as an FDIC special assessment and restructuring costs), Citi’s underlying earnings power in 2023 was closer to $6/share, implying a normalized P/E of ~10× – still cheap. The market, in effect, is not fully crediting Citi’s potential for earnings growth. If Citi can achieve, say, $7 in EPS in a couple of years and investors award even a 10× multiple, the stock would trade around $70 – about where it already is. To climb higher, Citi likely needs both earnings growth and some multiple expansion. That expansion would come if confidence builds that Citi can hit its profitability targets (more on this below). In summary, Citi’s P/E remains in the single-digits on a forward basis, reflecting low market expectations – which creates an opportunity if Citi proves those expectations too pessimistic.
Peer Discount and Analyst Views: Citi’s valuation gap versus peers has not gone unnoticed by industry analysts. In early 2025, for example, bank analysts at Wells Fargo highlighted Citigroup as a top pick, arguing the stock could roughly double over the next three years given its low starting valuation and potential for profit improvement ([2]). They pointed out that Citi’s price-to-book was significantly lower than peers’, and projected that Citi’s restructuring could drive much better efficiency and earnings, narrowing the valuation gap ([2]). Around the same time, analysts at Keefe, Bruyette & Woods (KBW) also noted Citi’s “discounted valuation” and suggested that as capital markets activity and lending improve, Citi’s earnings would rebound, warranting a higher stock price ([2]). By mid-2025, as Citi showed some progress (e.g. solid trading revenues and cost control), we started to see this value unlocking – Reuters Breakingviews observed that investor confidence in Citi’s transformation was improving, and the stock’s multiple had ticked up accordingly ([2]). However, Breakingviews also cautioned that “the job is only half done”: Citi’s return on tangible common equity (RoTCE) was still only ~8–9% in mid-2025, short of management’s target of ~11% and well below JPMorgan’s ~17% ([2]). In banking, a ~10% RoTCE is roughly the threshold to trade at book value, and higher returns are needed for a premium. Thus, Citi’s “hidden opportunity” lies in closing this profitability gap. Management is aiming for a 10–11% RoTCE by 2026 ([6]). If Citi delivers that, significant upside could follow: the stock would likely trade at or above tangible book (which itself should rise over time as earnings are retained and shares are repurchased). In concrete terms, achieving a 11%+ ROTCE and a P/TBV of 1× or more could put Citi’s share price well into the $100+ range by the later 2020s, versus the ~$70–80 range where it languished for much of 2023–24. In the meantime, investors are paid to wait with a ~3% dividend yield, and Citi’s ongoing buybacks steadily reduce the share count (boosting per-share metrics). In short, Citi appears undervalued relative to fundamentals, but realizing that value depends on the bank hitting its strategic targets and overcoming the risk factors discussed below.
Risks and Red Flags
– Regulatory and Compliance Risk: Citi is under heightened regulatory scrutiny due to past deficiencies in risk management and internal controls. Back in 2020, the Federal Reserve and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) issued consent orders after Citi failed to fix long-running data and operational issues (spotlighted by the notorious $900 million accidental payment in 2020). Progress on these mandated reforms has been slower than regulators expected. By 2023, Citi had not met certain milestones in its remediation plan, prompting frustration from officials ([8]) ([8]). In July 2024, regulators hit Citi with an additional $135.6 million in fines for falling short of the 2020 consent order requirements ([9]). The OCC noted that, while Citi’s management had made “meaningful progress overall”, persistent weaknesses remain, especially in data governance ([9]). Citi’s board and executives have faced pressure – bonuses for some top managers were cut due to the poor “report card” on risk fixes ([8]). Regulators have also required Citi to submit new plans to ensure sufficient resources are devoted to the cleanup ([8]). The cost of compliance is high: Citi is spending billions on systems and controls, hiring thousands of full-time staff and reducing its reliance on outside contractors in technology and risk functions ([10]) ([10]). If Citi fails to satisfy the regulators’ demands in a timely manner, it risks further penalties or constraints. In a worst-case scenario, authorities could impose business restrictions (for example, an asset growth cap, as was done to Wells Fargo in 2018) until Citi’s house is in order. This regulatory overhang will likely persist until Citi can demonstrate that its risk and control environment meets expectations. The uncertainty around regulatory actions is a key red flag for investors, as it can limit Citi’s capital return flexibility and add to expenses in the interim.
– Operational and Reputational Risk: Citi’s vast global operations have historically been prone to operational errors and incidents. A striking recent example occurred in April 2024, when a cascading systems error led Citi to erroneously credit a staggering $81 trillion to a customer’s account (instead of the intended $280) ([11]). Although the mistake was caught and reversed within 90 minutes, and no funds left the bank ([11]), the headline of an “$81 trillion glitch” was undeniably embarrassing. It underscored that Citi’s internal controls, especially in technology and transaction processing, still have weaknesses. This follows other incidents – notably the 2020 case where Citi accidentally wired $900 million to lenders – that hurt the bank’s reputation for competence. Another recent issue involved a $22.9 million fraud carried out by external IT contractors who overbilled Citi ([10]). This fraud was “small” relative to Citi’s size, but it spurred management to overhaul how it manages technology vendors (as mentioned, Citi is slashing its use of outside contractors and bringing work in-house to improve oversight) ([10]). These lapses, while not causing major financial losses, pose reputational risk and indicate control flaws that need remediation. Operational glitches can also have financial ramifications if they lead to litigation or regulatory action. The continued investment in operational resilience – from cyber security to error prevention – remains critical. For investors, the concern is that further high-profile blunders could damage confidence or lead to additional regulatory restrictions. Citi’s management has made “excellence in controls” a priority in its transformation, but until the firm demonstrates a sustained period without major missteps, this risk cannot be fully discounted.
– Credit and Macroeconomic Risk: As a global lender, Citi’s fortunes are tied to the credit cycle and macroeconomic conditions. A significant economic downturn – whether a U.S. recession or distress in key foreign markets – would impact Citi’s earnings via higher loan losses and lower revenues. Citi has sizable credit card and consumer lending portfolios (especially in the U.S.), which are more vulnerable in a recession as defaults rise. It also has substantial corporate and institutional exposures, including in emerging markets (Latin America, Asia) that can be volatile. In the Federal Reserve’s 2023 stress test, Citi’s capital was projected to decline more severely than some peers under the hypothetical recession scenario ([2]), reflecting its broad credit exposure. That said, Citi did remain above regulatory minimum capital levels in the test, and its strong reserve coverage (over 5× non-performing loans) provides a buffer . Currently, credit quality is relatively healthy – U.S. consumer delinquencies have ticked up off historic lows but are not alarming, and corporate defaults remain manageable. Citi’s base-case outlook doesn’t foresee a deep recession, but this risk is largely outside the bank’s control. High inflation and rising interest rates in 2022–2023 have begun to pressure some borrowers (for instance, credit card loss rates have risen to more normal levels from their stimulus-aided lows). If inflation leads to a sharper slowdown, Citi could see a surge in credit costs. Moreover, as a globally interconnected bank, Citi faces geopolitical risks – for example, it took a hefty charge in 2022–2023 related to exposures in Russia and Argentina. Further geopolitical shocks or emerging-market crises could result in asset write-downs. The good news is Citi has been de-risking some of its international consumer operations (exiting 13 overseas retail markets to focus on core institutional and U.S. businesses). This should make the bank somewhat less exposed to far-flung credit shocks going forward. Nonetheless, investors should monitor macro indicators. If unemployment rises sharply or if regions like Asia or Latin America encounter financial stress, Citi’s earnings would come under pressure. In summary, credit risk is an ever-present factor – currently well-managed by reserves, but certainly a source of potential downside if the economic environment worsens unexpectedly.
– Execution & Profitability Risk: A final risk is that Citi’s ambitious transformation plan may not deliver the hoped-for improvements in efficiency and profitability. Management is reorganizing the bank (reducing management layers, exiting non-core businesses, investing in technology) with the aim of boosting return on equity into the low teens by 2025–2026 ([6]). Thus far, progress has been mixed. On one hand, Citi has streamlined its consumer footprint and is reorganizing into a leaner structure under CEO Fraser. On the other hand, these changes come with upfront costs – Citi’s expenses have been elevated by restructuring charges and investments, which dragged its 2023 RoTCE down to a weak 4.9% ([5]). Even stripping out one-offs, underlying expenses remain a challenge; Citi’s efficiency ratio is in the high 60%s (meaning it spends over 66 cents to earn a dollar of revenue) ([3]), worse than peers like JPM (~55% efficiency). If Citi fails to contain costs or if revenue growth disappoints, its return on equity could stay stuck in single digits. That would likely perpetuate the stock’s discounted valuation. The positive signs are that Citi’s RoTCE improved to ~8–9% by mid-2025 as certain charges faded and revenues grew ([6]). Executives reaffirmed the goal of ~11% RoTCE by 2026 ([6]), which will require continued expense discipline and revenue lifts from areas like Treasury Services, Commercial Banking, and Wealth Management. Hitting these targets is critical; otherwise, Citi might face pressure to take more drastic actions (for example, some analysts have floated breaking up the bank if performance stays subpar). In short, execution risk remains: Citi has a multi-year roadmap and must prove it can actually reach the finish line. The stock’s upside is contingent on closing the profitability gap – a task that is by no means guaranteed, but one that management has staked its credibility on. Investors should watch interim benchmarks (expense trajectory, revenue growth in targeted areas, and incremental RoTCE improvement each quarter) to gauge whether Citi is on track. Until Citi convincingly achieves its financial targets and lifts the regulatory cloud, the stock’s re-rating could remain limited, underscoring this execution risk.
Conclusion
Citigroup offers a classic value vs. risk trade-off. On one side, the stock’s low valuation (trading below book value and at single-digit earnings multiples) reflects a pessimistic view that Citi will never quite escape its historical underperformance. On the other side, if Citi delivers on its turnaround – fixing controls, streamlining operations, and boosting return on equity – there is substantial upside potential. Investors are essentially waiting for evidence that Citi’s multiyear reboot will pay off. Encouragingly, Citi has strong capital, a solid dividend, and franchises (like Treasury & Trade Solutions and Institutional Markets) that are world-class in their profitability. These strengths give it time and capacity to execute changes. It’s worth noting how even small signals can sway market sentiment: for instance, Geron Corporation (a small biotech) saw its stock pop ~1.4% in after-hours trading simply after announcing inducement stock grants to new employees ([12]) – a minor development that nevertheless boosted confidence. In Citi’s case, more significant signals of confidence (such as clearer signs of expense control, or accelerating share buybacks under regulatory approval) could act as catalysts to re-rate the stock higher. The bank’s recent share price jump above tangible book value suggests investors are starting to credit some of the progress. Going forward, sustained improvement in Citi’s return on tangible equity will likely be the key to closing the valuation gap with peers. If management can reach its ~11% RoTCE goal in the next couple of years and demonstrate that Citi’s risk controls are no longer an issue, the stock could materially revalue upwards – all while shareholders collect a generous dividend. In sum, Citigroup today presents a cautiously optimistic story: an arguably mispriced franchise with the tools to boost shareholder value, provided that execution stays on track and risks are kept in check. The coming quarters will be pivotal in determining if Citi’s transformation truly takes hold and unlocks the upside that long-term value investors have been anticipating. ([8]) ([6])
Sources
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- https://theedgeinvestor.com/theedgeinvestor-ir-nov-22-2025/
- https://sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/831001/000083100124000100/c-20240630.htm
- https://macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/C/citigroup/dividend-yield-history
- https://citigroup.com/global/news/press-release/2024/fourth-quarter-full-year-2023-results-key-metrics
- https://za.investing.com/news/company-news/citigroup-q2-2025-presentation-revenue-jumps-8-announces-20b-buyback-93CH-3789618
- https://citigroup.com/global/investors/annual-reports-and-proxy-statements/2024/annual-report/letter-to-shareholders
- https://americanbanker.com/news/citi-fined-136-million-for-alleged-violations-of-2020-consent-orders
- https://legaldive.com/news/citi-occ-fed-135-million-penalties-2020-orders-data-quality-risk-management-control-fraser-hsu/721160/
- https://retailbankerinternational.com/news/citigroup-trim-external-it-contractors/
- https://larepublica.co/globoeconomia/citigroup-acredito-por-error-us-81-billones-en-cuenta-de-cliente-en-lugar-de-us-280-4074814
- https://ainvest.com/news/geron-corporation-shares-rise-1-39-hours-reporting-inducement-grants-employees-2508/
For informational purposes only; not investment advice.
